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The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization convention established in 2006 as the ''fourth pillar'' of international maritime law and embodies "all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to be found in other international labour Conventions".〔 The other "pillars are the SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL. The treaties applies to all ships entering the harbours of parties to the treaty (port states), as well as to all states flying the flag of state party (flag states, as of 2013: 50 per cent). The convention entered into force on 20 August 2013, one year after registering 30 ratifications of countries representing over 33 per cent of the world gross tonnage of ships. Already after five ratifications the ratifying countries (Bahamas, Norway, Liberia, Marshall Islands, and Panama) represented over 43 per cent of the gross world tonnage (which is over 33 per cent; the second requirement for entry into force). As of October 2015, the convention has been ratified by 67 states representing 80 per cent of global shipping. ==Content and organization== The convention consists of the ''sixteen articles'' containing general provisions as well as the ''Code''. The Code consists of five ''Titles'' in which specific provisions are grouped by standard (or in Title 5: mode of enforcement): *Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship *Title 2: Conditions of employment *Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering *Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection *Title 5: Compliance and enforcement For Each Title, there are general ''Standards'', which are further specified in mandatory ''Regulations'' (list A) as well as ''Guidelines'' (List B). Guidelines generally form a form of implementation of a Regulation according to the requirements, but States are free to have different implementation measures. Regulations should in principle be implemented fully, but a country can implement a "substantially equivalent" regulation, which it should declare upon ratification. Some seafarers criticize the convention, saying that it lacks teeth, does not address real issues, and skirts important seafarer needs such as decent sized cabins, cupboards in cabins, shore leave, and rest hours by including them into Guidelines (List B) of the convention—or worse, by not addressing them at all. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maritime Labour Convention」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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